KJ (2.2×10−1 kcal mol−1), ‘+’ by Mr j ramsomkar, and ‘+’ by Mr a g rajasekaran!61, 62], ethanol production by recombinant E. coli HB101 [63, 64, 65, 66, 67] and E. coli BL21 [68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73], esterase production by recombinant E. coli [74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83], biofuel production by recombinant E. coli [84, 85, 86, 87], production of alcohols and 2,3-butanediol by recombinant E. coli [88, 89, 90], and alkaline treatment of tomato fruits by recombinant E. coli [91].
Examples of proteins expressed in E. coli include enzymes and structural proteins, such as alcohol dehydrogenase, chaperonins GroEL and GroES [92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98], alcohol dehydrogenase, GroES and GroEL [94, 99], lacZ [100, 101], aldehyde dehydrogenase, aldB [102], aldB and aldA [103], cytochrome c [104, 105, 106, 107, 108], dihydrofolate reductase [109], superoxide dismutase [110], catalase [111, 112], aspartate transaminase [113], glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase [114, 115, 116], β-galactosidase [117], lipase [118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123], glucanase [124], alkaline phosphatase [125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130], phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase [131, 132], phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase [133], peptidase [134], alkaline protease [135], alkaline phosphatase [136, 137, 138, 139], cytochrome oxidase [140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146], ribonuclease [147, 148], and enzyme activities [149, 150, 151, 152, 153].
The applications of E. coli as a cell factory have been extended to include not only pharmaceutical and chemical production, but
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